Federal Crimes

What Are Considered Federal Charges?

Federal crimes are much more serious in nature than state offenses due to the fact that they fall under federal law and the federal court system. These laws can be extremely complex, with many documents that require attention to detail and focus. The federal court system is complicated in its procedures, rules of evidence, and the local rules of court. Mistakes by an attorney can be detrimental to your case, so it is paramount that you have representation from an attorney who is well-versed in federal criminal defense.

Federal crimes include such offenses as:

• Mail/wire fraud
• Conspiracy
• Federal drug charges
• Environmental Crimes

At Mireles Law Office, you can work with a Del Rio federal crimes defense attorney that has the experience, commitment, and drive necessary to handle your case. Sostenes Mireles has been defending individuals in federal courts for years. We also handle appeals in federal cases that will be submitted to the higher courts of the Ninth Circuit Court and the Supreme Court. We have been successful in obtaining numerous reversals of convictions for clients through the appellate process.

Mail/Wire Fraud Crimes

In addition to handling negotiations, trials, sentencing and appeals, we also guide clients through federal mail/wire fraud investigations that have not gone to a federal grand jury yet. The earlier we get involved, the more we are able to help you and prepare for what may come next. We can advise you on whether to cooperate with law enforcement, whether you should make any statements to anyone, and whether you should disclose documents, among other things.

Conspiracy Crimes

If you are facing a federal conspiracy charge, you could be looking at up to five years' imprisonment. Federal conspiracy charges involve federal crimes that are committed by two or more individuals. Because of the nature of this charge, you could also be facing other charges relating to the crime which may increase your potential prison sentence. You need to have an experienced attorney on your side.

Some of the common things we advise our clients on are whether or not to:

• Talk to the police
• Take a polygraph
• Make any statements to friends, family members, or co-defendants

Well-intentioned statements to family, friends, or the police could be misconstrued and harm your case. In particular, if a co-defendant is cooperating with law enforcement, any statements you make could unknowingly be recorded or relayed to law enforcement in a way that hurts your position. It is important to only make those statements after you've been advised by us. Any decision or action concerning your case should involve your Del Rio federal crimes attorney.

In Texas, and particularly in Del Rio, harboring, transporting, and smuggling illegal immigrants is a common federal crime.  Under 8 U.S.C. § 1324 it is illegal to bring in, transport, harbor or conceal an “alien” knowing or in reckless disregard of the fact that the alien has entered or remained in the United States illegally.  This crime is generally referred to as “alien smuggling”.

Defendants charged with this crime are typically hired by “coyotes” who were paid by families of illegal immigrants to guide them across the border and through the desert; drivers who are hired to transport illegal immigrants from one place to another within the United States; and stash house owners or operators who temporarily house illegal immigrants as they travel to their final destination within the United States.  However, it is also illegal to “encourage or induce” an immigrant to enter or reside in the U.S. in violation of law, so even those who give aid to illegal immigrants for humanitarian reasons can be charged with this crime.

The maximum penalties for a violation of 8 U.S.C. 1324 depend on whether the defendant brings, or attempts to bring the immigrant into the U.S., whether the offense was committed for profit or for humanitarian reasons, and whether the defendant put an immigrant at risk of injury or death.

Maximum Penalties for Alien Smuggling

• 5 Years — for transporting, harboring, or encouraging an illegal immigrant (not for profit)
• 10 Years — for transporting, harboring, or encouraging an illegal immigrant for profit; bringing or attempting to bring into the U.S. (bringing or attempting to bring an alien into the U.S. for profit also carries a minimum mandatory sentence of 3 years)
• 20 Years — if bodily injury or risk of death results from the offense
• Death or Life in Prison — if death results during the offense

Defenses To Alien Smuggling

In Texas, these cases often proceed quickly once an arrest is made.  The “aliens” are usually detained as “material witnesses”, but only until their video deposition can be taken.  Depositions are typically scheduled only a couple of weeks after the initial appearance.  Thus, the defense must quickly obtain and review the government's evidence and conduct any necessary investigation to prepare for the depositions.  These depositions are later played for the jury instead of live testimony from the aliens themselves, so it is important to conduct a thorough deposition.

One of the main defenses in these cases is a lack of knowledge.  The statute requires that the offender knows that the people he is dealing with are actually illegal immigrants.  It is difficult to prove that a defendant must have known that the people with him were illegal immigrants based solely on their appearance.  Often the aliens themselves, when deposed, will not testify that they had an explicit conversation with the defendant about their immigration status.  Sometimes, depending on the evidence, a defendant can successfully assert that he was one of the aliens being smuggled rather than the smuggler.  Another, less common defense is that the government cannot prove that the aliens were actually illegal immigrants.

Sentencing Factors

The actual sentence a defendant receives for this type of crime is usually much less than the maximums listed above.  The sentence depends on a number of factors, some of which are set forth in the Federal Sentencing Guidelines.  Some things that can increase a sentence include whether: the defendant brought the alien(s) into the United State for profit; an alien(s) was put at risk (often when an alien is placed in a trunk or when an offender drives recklessly); an alien(s) was threatened or coerced; a firearm is discharged, brandished, or possessed; an alien(s) is being harbored for prostitution; a large number of aliens are involved; the defendant has prior convictions, especially when the convictions are for immigration offenses; or an alien is a child and is unaccompanied by a parent or grandparent.

Immigration Consequences of Alien Smuggling

A conviction for alien smuggling under Title 8 of the United Code can have dire consequences to your status to remain in the United States. If you are convicted of a crime under Title 8 Section 1324, it's imperative that you seek legal representation to know your rights.

If you are facing alien smuggling charges in Texas, including transportation of illegal aliens or harboring or illegal aliens, or you just want to learn more about your case, call us for a free at 830.775.6056 or contact us online.